In French, days, months, and seasons are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence.
The French week starts on Monday.
The Seven Days
| French | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| lundi | [lœ̃.di] | Monday |
| mardi | [maʁ.di] | Tuesday |
| mercredi | [mɛʁ.kʁə.di] | Wednesday |
| jeudi | [ʒø.di] | Thursday |
| vendredi | [vɑ̃.dʁə.di] | Friday |
| samedi | [sam.di] | Saturday |
| dimanche | [di.mɑ̃ʃ] | Sunday |
Using Days
- This coming day (no article): Je travaille lundi. — I work on Monday.
- Every week (with le): Je travaille le lundi. — I work on Mondays.
Useful Day Expressions
- aujourd’hui [o.ʒuʁ.dɥi] — today
- demain [də.mɛ̃] — tomorrow
- hier [jɛʁ] — yesterday
- cette semaine [sɛt sə.mɛn] — this week
- la semaine prochaine [la sə.mɛn pʁɔ.ʃɛn] — next week
- la semaine dernière [la sə.mɛn dɛʁ.njɛʁ] — last week
- la fin de semaine [la fɛ̃ də sə.mɛn] — the weekend
The Twelve Months
| French | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| janvier | [ʒɑ̃.vje] | January |
| février | [fe.vʁi.je] | February |
| mars | [maʁs] | March |
| avril | [a.vʁil] | April |
| mai | [mɛ] | May |
| juin | [ʒɥɛ̃] | June |
| juillet | [ʒɥi.jɛ] | July |
| août | [ut] | August |
| septembre | [sɛp.tɑ̃bʁ] | September |
| octobre | [ɔk.tɔbʁ] | October |
| novembre | [nɔ.vɑ̃bʁ] | November |
| décembre | [de.sɑ̃bʁ] | December |
Use en with months: en janvier, en août, Mon anniversaire est en mai.
The Four Seasons
| French | IPA | English | Preposition |
|---|---|---|---|
| le printemps | [lə pʁɛ̃.tɑ̃] | spring | au printemps |
| l’été (m) | [le.te] | summer | en été |
| l’automne (m) | [lo.tɔn] | autumn | en automne |
| l’hiver (m) | [li.vɛʁ] | winter | en hiver |
Note: Only printemps uses au; other seasons use en.
Common Mistakes
| Incorrect | Correct | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| *Lundi / *Janvier | lundi / janvier | Not capitalized in French |
| *sur lundi | lundi | No preposition for “on Monday” |
| *dans janvier | en janvier | Use en with months |
| *en printemps | au printemps | Spring uses au |
Practice Sentences
- Aujourd’hui, c’est jeudi. [o.ʒuʁ.dɥi sɛ ʒø.di] — Today is Thursday.
- Je ne travaille pas le dimanche. [ʒə nə tʁa.vaj pa lə di.mɑ̃ʃ] — I don’t work on Sundays.
- Mon anniversaire est en juillet. [mɔ̃n‿a.ni.vɛʁ.sɛʁ ɛt‿ɑ̃ ʒɥi.jɛ] — My birthday is in July.
- Il fait froid en hiver. [il fɛ fʁwa ɑ̃n‿i.vɛʁ] — It’s cold in winter.
- Les fleurs poussent au printemps. [le flœʁ pus o pʁɛ̃.tɑ̃] — Flowers grow in spring.
Exercise: Fill in the Preposition
Fill in the blank:
- I work on Mondays. → Je travaille ___ lundi.
- My birthday is in May. → Mon anniversaire est ___ mai.
- In spring → ___ printemps
- In winter → ___ hiver
- Today is Friday. → Aujourd’hui, c’est ___.
Answers
- le lundi — I work on Mondays.
- en mai — My birthday is in May.
- au printemps — In spring
- en hiver — In winter
- vendredi [vɑ̃.dʁə.di] — Friday