Adverbs describe how or how often actions are done. They typically follow the verb in French.
Bien (Well) and Mal (Badly)
| French |
IPA |
English |
| Il parle bien français. |
[il paʁl bjɛ̃ fʁɑ̃.sɛ] |
He speaks French well. |
| Je vais bien. |
[ʒə vɛ bjɛ̃] |
I’m doing well. |
| Je dors mal. |
[ʒə dɔʁ mal] |
I sleep badly. |
| Ça va mal. |
[sa va mal] |
Things are going badly. |
Avoir mal à (To Have Pain)
- J’ai mal à la tête. [ʒe mal a la tɛt] — I have a headache.
- Il a mal au dos. [il a mal o do] — He has back pain.
- Ça fait mal! [sa fɛ mal] — It hurts!
Bon vs Bien / Mauvais vs Mal
| Adjective (with noun) |
Adverb (with verb) |
| C’est un bon restaurant. |
On mange bien ici. |
| C’est un mauvais film. |
Il joue mal. |
Frequency Adverbs
| French |
IPA |
English |
| toujours |
[tu.ʒuʁ] |
always |
| souvent |
[su.vɑ̃] |
often |
| parfois |
[paʁ.fwa] |
sometimes |
| rarement |
[ʁaʁ.mɑ̃] |
rarely |
| ne… jamais |
[ʒa.mɛ] |
never |
- Il est toujours en retard. — He is always late.
- Je vais souvent au cinéma. — I often go to the movies.
- Parfois, je travaille de chez moi. — Sometimes I work from home.
- Il sort rarement. — He rarely goes out.
Note: Toujours can also mean “still”: Tu habites toujours à Paris?
Practice Sentences
-
Je vais très bien, merci!
[ʒə vɛ tʁɛ bjɛ̃ mɛʁ.si]
I’m very well, thanks!
-
J’ai mal à la tête depuis ce matin.
[ʒe mal a la tɛt də.pɥi sə ma.tɛ̃]
I’ve had a headache since this morning.
-
Elle cuisine très bien. Son gâteau est bon!
[ɛl kɥi.zin tʁɛ bjɛ̃ sɔ̃ ɡa.to ɛ bɔ̃]
She cooks very well. Her cake is good!
-
Je prends toujours un café le matin.
[ʒə pʁɑ̃ tu.ʒuʁ œ̃ ka.fe lə ma.tɛ̃]
I always have coffee in the morning.
-
Nous voyageons rarement en avion.
[nu vwa.ja.ʒɔ̃ ʁaʁ.mɑ̃ ɑ̃.na.vjɔ̃]
We rarely travel by plane.
Exercise
- C’est un _______ restaurant. (good — adjective)
- Il parle _______ français. (well — adverb)
- J’ai _______ à la tête. (pain)
- I always arrive on time. → J’arrive _______ à l’heure.
- She often reads before bed. → Elle lit _______ avant de dormir.
Answers
- bon — adjective with noun
- bien — adverb with verb
- mal — avoir mal expression
- toujours
- souvent